China
19th century
China
19th century
This strand of Chinese prayer beads called mindfulness beads (nien zhu) would be worn on the wrist as a reminder of a spiritual commitment rather than as an item vigorously used in practice. Its highly decorative as well as symbolic materials—pink quartz, kingfisher feathers, and wooden beads carved with auspicious symbols—testify to this use as well as its amulet- or charm-like nature. The tassels of the endless knot below the guru bead are attached to two pearl-like buttons.
In Buddhism merit is accumulated through engaging in positive actions that lead to positive results, such as better rebirths. Buddhists gain merit by making offerings, donating to those in need, reciting mantras, and other good deeds.
A contemplative practice in which a person uses concentration and visualization to achieve aims such as transforming the mind and generating feelings of compassion. Techniques include focusing on breathing or visualizing oneself as a deity.
Although Tibetan Buddhism was not practiced broadly in China, the imperial centers, such as Beijing and Mount Wutai, emerged as hubs of Tibetan Buddhist cultural production. The emperors of the Mongol Yuan (1271–1368), Chinese Ming (1368–1644), and Manchu Qing (1644–1911) dynasties harnessed Tibetan Buddhist ideas to consolidate their power.
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