China
Date unknown
China
Date unknown
This strand of Chinese prayer beads features images of the Buddha’s enlightened disciples, known as arhats (Chinese: luohan). On the reverse of the images are identifying inscriptions. Although the original number of individually named arhats was sixteen, this strand of eighteen includes the later additions of Nandimitra, the arhat taming a dragon, and Pindola, the arhat taming a tiger.
In Buddhism merit is accumulated through engaging in positive actions that lead to positive results, such as better rebirths. Buddhists gain merit by making offerings, donating to those in need, reciting mantras, and other good deeds.
A contemplative practice in which a person uses concentration and visualization to achieve aims such as transforming the mind and generating feelings of compassion. Techniques include focusing on breathing or visualizing oneself as a deity.
Although Tibetan Buddhism was not practiced broadly in China, the imperial centers, such as Beijing and Mount Wutai, emerged as hubs of Tibetan Buddhist cultural production. The emperors of the Mongol Yuan (1271–1368), Chinese Ming (1368–1644), and Manchu Qing (1644–1911) dynasties harnessed Tibetan Buddhist ideas to consolidate their power.
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