China
first half of the 15th century
China
first half of the 15th century
This banner is part of a set of works dedicated to the various deities found in the mandala of the Medicine Buddha. Agni is the ancient Indian god of fire, and in Tibetan Buddhism he is also the guardian of the southeast.The painting was executed in the same Tibetan style as that seen in China’s early Ming dynasty court ateliers, including the use of fine gold detailing in the deity’s red throne back and the cloud patterns of his blue clothing. The central composition is framed by an attractive embroidered mount decorated with the Eight Auspicious Symbols above (left to right, top to bottom: dharma wheel, white conch, victory banner, parasol, lotus, golden fish, treasure vase, and endless knot) and the Seven Treasures of the Universal Monarch below (minister, jewel, queen, wheel, elephant, general, and horse). While in the painting the central figure’s hair forms the conical shape of a royal Tibetan turbin, the minister in the embroidered border is depicted as a Chinese official, reflecting a visual language of rulership from both cultures.
A meditation technique primarily used in tantric practice that involves imagining a deity in one’s mind or imagining oneself becoming a deity and carrying out various activities. Such techniques are intended to help a practitioner transform ordinary perception and achieve enlightened qualities.
A religious movement that originated in India around the fifth to seventh century with sacred writings and esoteric teachings and practices transmitted from teacher to student through initiation. These remain an important part of Hinduism and Buddhism today.
A contemplative practice in which a person uses concentration and visualization to achieve aims such as transforming the mind and generating feelings of compassion. Techniques include focusing on breathing or visualizing oneself as a deity.
Hindu gods (deva) are thought to be manifestations of the absolute, or Brahman. The goddesses (devi) are considered manifestations of the Great Mother Goddess (Mahadevi), who is seen as the counterpart to Brahman.
Although Tibetan Buddhism was not practiced broadly in China, the imperial centers, such as Beijing and Mount Wutai, emerged as hubs of Tibetan Buddhist cultural production. The emperors of the Mongol Yuan (1271–1368), Chinese Ming (1368–1644), and Manchu Qing (1644–1911) dynasties harnessed Tibetan Buddhist ideas to consolidate their power.
Get the latest news and stories from the Rubin, plus occasional information on how to support our work.